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The Saudi-Iran Conflict
Momin Hashim Khan
C1-A
A longstanding and deeply rooted rivalry in the Middle East, The Saudi-Iran Conflict continues
to escalate tensions in the region. The Middle East has been marred by conflicts, and one of the
most enduring and complex is the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran which started in 1979.
This article delves into the historical background, key aspects, regional consequences, and
ongoing developments of this deeply rooted geopolitical struggle.
A Historical Tapestry:
The origins of the Saudi-Iran conflict are intertwined with a web of historical, religious, and
regional factors. The Sunni-majority Saudi Arabia and Shiite-majority Iran stand on opposing
sides of a sectarian divide within Islam. This religious schism, coupled with the two nations'
ambitions for regional leadership, has fueled tension for decades.
The impact of the Saudi-Iran confrontation on proxy conflicts across the Middle East is among
its most notable features. Yemen is the main theater of conflict, where Saudi Arabia backs the
internationally accepted Yemeni government and Iran backs the Houthi rebels. A severe
humanitarian crisis has resulted from this proxy war, leaving millions of Yemenis in utter need of
assistance.
Lebanon and the Hezbollah Factor:
The rivalry extends its reach to Lebanon, where Hezbollah, a Shiite militant group supported by
Iran, holds significant political power. This adds a layer of complexity to regional politics and
fuels tensions between Saudi Arabia and Iran. Hezbollah possesses a formidable arsenal of
approximately 150,000 rockets and missiles, making it one of the most heavily armed non-state
actors globally.
United Nations Diplomatic Efforts:
The United Nations has been actively involved in trying to address the Saudi-Iran conflict:
• UN Yemen Mediation: The UN Special Envoy for Yemen has been engaged in negotiations
between the warring factions in Yemen, working tirelessly to pave the way for a peaceful
resolution to the conflict.
• Security Council Resolutions: The UN Security Council has passed several resolutions
concerning the conflict. For instance, Resolution 2216 imposes sanctions on Houthi rebels and
calls for an immediate ceasefire and political settlement.