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igcse physics notesprinted 84 · PDF 84
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printed 84 · PDF 84
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Unit 3: Waves and their properties
Waves:
It is the mode of transfer of energy caused by oscillatory or vibratory motion
of the particles of the medium. Waves transfer energy without the transfer
of matter i.e particles. Examples of waves are rope waves, water waves,
and light waves.
Types of waves:
There are two types of waves: Longitudinal waves and Transverse waves.
Longitudinal Waves: The waves in which the particles of the medium
vibrate parallel to the direction of the transfer of energy or waves. These
waves require a medium to transfer energy. An example is Sound waves.
In the above example we can see a slinky spring which shows us how
energy is transferred by longitudinal waves. Some particles move close to
each other–this is compression, whereas some particles move far from
each other–this is rarefaction.