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igcse physics notesprinted 95 · PDF 95
124 pagesrevision 46936
printed 95 · PDF 95
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Hard Magnetic Material(e.g steel)
Soft Magnetic Material(e.g iron)
Difficult to magnetize and
demagnetise
Easy to magnetize and
demagnetise
Retains magnetism well
Loses it magnetism easily
Magnetic fields:
Magnetic field is a region of space around a magnet in which a magnetic
pole experiences a force.
● Field lines around a bar magnet point from north to south
● The direction of a magnetic field line shows the direction of the force on a
north pole at that point. It goes out of the north pole and into the south pole.
● Field strength decreases with distance from the magnet
● Plotting compasses are small compasses which show the direction and
shape of a magnetic field.
What is Electric Charge?
Charge is measured in coulombs. There are positive and negative charges.
Like charges repel unlike charges attract.
Charging a body involves addition or removal of electrons
An object becomes positively charged when it loses electrons and
negatively charged when it gains electrons.
Conductors allow electrons to flow through them whereas insulators
impede the flow of electrons.