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102
General Formulae of Common Homologous Series
- Alkane: Cₙ H₂ₙ ₊₂
- Alkene: Cₙ H₂ₙ
- Alcohol: Cₙ H₂ₙ ₊₁OH
- Carboxylic Acid: Cₙ H₂ₙ ₊₁COOH
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Compounds
Saturated Compounds: Contain only C-C single bonds (e.g., alkanes, Cₙ H₂ₙ ₊₂).
Unsaturated Compounds: Contain one or more C=C double bonds (e.g., alkenes, Cₙ H₂ₙ ).
Naming Organic Compounds
Name Parts:
Stem - Based on the longest carbon chain.
Suffix - Based on functional group.
Stem Based on Chain Length:
Prefixes
No. of carbon atoms
Prefix
1
meth-
2
eth-
3
prop-
4
but-
5
pent-