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chemistry igcse acapprinted 81 · PDF 81
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Cold Water: Very reactive metals like Potassium, Sodium, and Calcium react vigorously
with cold water.
Steam: Moderately reactive metals like Magnesium, Zinc, and Iron do not react with cold
water but do react with steam to form metal oxides and release hydrogen gas.
Dilute Acids: Metals above hydrogen in the series react with dilute acids, producing
hydrogen gas.
Oxygen: All metals, except for gold and platinum, react with oxygen, though the intensity
and product type vary.
3. Detailed Reactions of Metals with Different Substances
Reaction with cold water : Reactive metals form hydroxides and hydrogen gas. ( potassium
, Sodium , Calcium)
Metal + water —> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen Gas (H2)
Moderately reactive metals like Magnesium, Zinc, and Iron react with steam, forming metal
oxides and hydrogen gas.
Metal + Steam —> Metal oxide + Hydrogen gas (H2)
Metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series react with dilute hydrochloric or sulfuric
acid, releasing hydrogen gas.
Zinc with Hydrochloric Acid:
Zn+2HCl→ZnCl2+H2
Effervescence (bubbles) observed; reaction is exothermic.
Metals like iron and aluminum require initial oxide layer removal before reacting.