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(iv) The Periodic Table:
The Arrangement of the Periodic Table
• Above is an image of the periodic table (relevant to the IGCSE 0620 Chemistry Syllabus).
• Towards the left of the table are metals and towards the right are non-metals. They are separated
by the red staircase which is known as the metalloid line. The more right an element is placed on
the periodic table, the more metallic it is, and vice versa.
• The vertical columns in the periodic table are known as groups, and the horizontal rows in the
periodic table are known as periods.
• There are 8 groups, and 7 periods in total.
• Each group number signifies the number of outer-shell electrons/valence electrons an atom of the
elements in that group has, e.g. all elements in Group I (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) have 1 electron in
their outer-shell. Similarly, all elements in Group II (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) have 2 electrons in
their outer-shell, and so on.
• Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties due to having the same number of
outer-shell electrons.