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The Sun emits energy in the form of radiation, which enters the Earth's atmosphere. While some of
this thermal energy is reflected off the Earth's surface, most is absorbed and then re-emitted. As
this energy moves through the atmosphere, part of it escapes into space, but some is absorbed by
greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. These gases re-emit the thermal energy in all
directions, trapping heat within the Earth's atmosphere and helping to maintain a warm climate—
a process known as the greenhouse effect. However, as human activity increases the concentration
of greenhouse gases, more thermal energy is trapped, leading to a rise in the Earth's average
temperature. This is known as the enhanced greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming.
Consequences of Global Warming
The temperature rising on Earth is causing a change in the climate. Warm temperatures will lead
glaciers to melt, raising water levels and creating flooding in nations with low lying areas. Another
immediate consequence is the extinction of species as a result of habitat loss. It can also result in the
migration of species as they will relocate to more livable (drought-free) places. There is also a risk
for the diseases to be spread due to a much warmer climate. Global Warming also leads to a loss of
habitat in areas of low-lying countries and areas surrounding glaciers.