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biology 0610printed 230 · PDF 230
328 pagesrevision 46933
printed 230 · PDF 230
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Core Supplement
7
10
n
12
Explain that DNA controls cell function by
controlling the production of proteins, including
enzymes, membrane carriers and receptors for
Explain how a protein is made, limited to:
e the gene coding for the protein remains in
the nucleus
* messenger RNA (mRNA) is a copy of a gene
« mRNA molecules are made in the nucleus
and move to the cytoplasm
e the mRNA passes through ribosomes
e the ribosome assembles amino acids into
protein molecules
e the specific sequence of amino acids is
determined by the sequence of bases in the
mRNA
(knowledge of the details of transcription or
translation is not required)
Explain that most body cells in an organism
contain the same genes, but many genes in a
particular cell are not expressed because the cell
only makes the specific proteins it needs
Describe a haploid nucleus as a nucleus
containing a single set of chromosomes
Describe a diploid nucleus as a nucleus containing
two sets of chromosomes
State that in a diploid cell, there is a pair of each
type of chromosome and in a human diploid cell
there are 23 pairs
Core Supplement
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230
Describe mitosis as nuclear division giving rise to
genetically identical cells (details of the stages of
mitosis are not required)
State the role of mitosis in growth, repair of
damaged tissues, replacement of cells and
asexual reproduction
State that the exact replication of chromosomes
occurs before mitosis
State that during mitosis, the copies of
chromosomes separate, maintaining the
chromosome number in each daughter cell
Describe stem cells as unspecialised cells that
divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells that
can become specialised for specific functions