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biology 0610printed 83 · PDF 83
328 pagesrevision 46933
printed 83 · PDF 83
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Aitchison College Academic Resources.
Core
1 Describe physical digestion as the breakdown of
food into smaller pieces without chemical change
to the food molecules
2 State that physical digestion increases the
surface area of food for the action of enzymes in
chemical digestion
3 Identify in diagrams and images the types of
molars
4 Describe the structure of human teeth, limited
to: enamel, dentine, pulp, nerves, blood vessels
and cement, and understand that teeth are
embedded in bone and the gums
5 Describe the functions of the types of human
teeth in physical digestion of food
6 Describe the function of the stomach in physical
digestion
Supplement
7 Outline the role of bile in emulsifying fats and
oils to increase the surface area for chemical
digestion
Core
1 Describe chemical digestion as the break down
of large insoluble molecules into small soluble
molecules
2 State the role of chemical digestion in producing
small soluble molecules that can be absorbed
3 Describe the functions of enzymes as follows:
(a) amylase breaks down starch to simple
reducing sugars
(b) proteases break down protein to amino acids
(c) lipase breaks down fats and oils to fatty acids
and glycerol
4 State where, in the digestive system, amylase,
act
5 Describe the functions of hydrochloric acid
in gastric juice, limited to killing harmful
microorganisms in food and providing an acidic
Supplement
6 Describe the digestion of starch in the digestive
system:
(a) amylase breaks down starch to maltose
(b) maltase breaks down maltose to glucose on
the membranes of the epithelium lining the
small intestine
7 Describe the digestion of protein by proteases in
(a) pepsin breaks down protein in the acidic
conditions of the stomach
(b) trypsin breaks down protein in the alkaline
conditions of the small intestine
8 Explain that bile is an alkaline mixture that
neutralises the acidic mixture of food and gastric
to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action
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