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biology 0610printed 310 · PDF 310
328 pagesrevision 46933
printed 310 · PDF 310
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Notes
Usefulness of Bacteria:
● Bacteria are the most used microorganisms in biotechnology
● Bacteria reproduce very quickly and thus the amount of product they can produce
can increase exponentially in a small amount of time
● There are very few ethical considerations involved in using bacteria
● They have plasmids which are ideal for transferring DNA from one cell to another
Biotechnology:
Artificially altering genes in a cell, for the cell to perform a desired function is the
process of biotechnology.
Biotechnology involves several different microorganism:
Yeast can respire anaerobically, producing carbon dioxide. Yeast are involved in
bread making, as carbon dioxide is formed, bubbles rise up the dough and make it
stretch. Ethanol is also produced in the reaction and can be used as a biofuel. Plants
are usually used as the substrate, sometimes as crops especially as fuel and
sometimes as waste matter. There is a concern that crops that could have been used
for food are used as fuel
2. Pectinase is another enzyme which breaks down pectin found in cell walls. Thus
the yield of fruit juice is greatly increased. Furthermore, the juice gets more clear as