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biology 0610printed 309 · PDF 309
328 pagesrevision 46933
printed 309 · PDF 309
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Aitchison College Academic Resources.
Core Supplement
1 Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in yeast
during the production of ethanol for biofuels
2 Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in yeast
during bread-making
3 Describe the use of pectinase in fruit juice
production
4 Investigate and describe the use of biological
washing powders that contain enzymes
5 Explain the use of lactase to produce lactose-free
milk
6 Describe how fermenters can be used for the
large-scale production of useful products by
bacteria and fungi, including insulin, penicillin and
mycoprotein
7 Describe and explain the conditions that need to be
controlled in a fermenter, including: temperature,
pH, oxygen, nutrient supply and waste products
Core Supplement
1 Describe genetic modification as changing the 3 Outline the process of genetic modification using
genetic material of an organism by removing, bacterial production of a human protein as an
changing or inserting individual genes example, limited to:
(a) isolation of the DNA making up a human
gene using restriction enzymes, forming
sticky ends
(b) cutting of bacterial plasmid DNA with
the same restriction enzymes,
complementary sticky ends
(c)_ insertion of human DNA into bacterial
plasmid DNA using DNA ligase to form a
recombinant plasmid
(d) insertion of recombinant plasmids into
bacteria (specific details are not required)
(e) multiplication of bacteria containing
recombinant plasmids
(f) expression in bacteria of the human gene to
make the human protein
continued
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