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biology 0610printed 69 · PDF 69

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printed 69 · PDF 69

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69 . 3. Conversion to sucrose As glucose is made only in leaves so it needs to be transported to other parts of the plant so that they can function properly. Glucose can be utilized to form sucrose, a more suitable molecule for transportation, which then travels through the phloem tube to other parts of the plant. 4.Making cell walls Some of the glucose made is joined together to make a bigger and more complex structure called cellulose which is then used to make cell walls. 5.Making Nectar Glucose is used to make nectar. Animals are attracted and feed on this nectar. Through this the male gametes of the plant stick to the insects and sexual reproduction can ensue. Nectar contains different types of sugars which are made from glucose. 6.Making amino acids Some of the glucose is used to make amino acids which are then used to make proteins.Nitrate ions are also used to make proteins. These nitrate ions move into plant roots from soil through active transports which again uses energy from glucose. Leaves Leaves have features allowing for efficient photosynthesis Leaves have a large surface area and are very thin. Large surface area allows them to absorb a lot of sunlight. Moreover, a large surface area increases the rate at which carbon dioxide diffuses into the leaf. A thin structure allows light to pass through and reach as many cells in it and also leaves beneath it. Leaves can be of 2 types Dicots In dicots veins are arranged in a network. Monocots In monocots veins are arranged parallel to one another. Structure of a leaf Upper Epidermis Top layer of the leaf. The cells inside are tightly packed together to reduce loss of water vapour.They don't contain chloroplasts so the cells don't photosynthesis. They secrete a waxy substance which forms a thin transparent waterproof covering called the cuticle.