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biology 0610printed 24 · PDF 24
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Cell Membrane
Around the outside
Thin layer made up of protein and fat
Controls what goes in and out of cell
Partially membrane, meaning some substances will be allowed and others will be not.
Sometimes the cell membrane is not seen because it is tightly attached to the cell
wall.
Cytoplasm
Clear jelly like structure; 70% of it is water
Act as a solvent; many substances are dissolved in it
Most of the metabolic reactions takes place in cytoplasm
Vacuole
Fluid-filled space
Has its own membrane
In plants the vacuole is large and permanent and it contains the solution of sugars
and other substances called cell sap
Animals have smaller vacuoles called vesicles.
Nucleus
Contains the DNA (stores the genetic information)
Chromosomes make up the DNA.
The information on the DNA determines which proteins to make in cells
Chloroplast
Found in the green parts of the plants
Contain green colored pigment called chlorophyll
Chloroplast contains starch grains( tiny pieces of starch)
Mitochondria
Part of the cell where aerobic respiration takes place
Through aerobic respiration energy is released; that's why mitochondria is called
energy powerhouse of cell
Ribosomes
Proteins are made here
The proteins are made according to the instructions on the DNA
Bacterial Cell
Has a cell wall which is made by peptidoglycan
Has cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes
Doent have a nucleus but has a circular DNA
Other than DNA, they have one or smaller circles of DNA called plasmids
Does Not contain mitochondria or chloroplast.
These cells are Prokaryotic cells as they dont have a nucleus.(“Pro” means “before”
and “karyotic” means “nucleus” )