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Business Studies IGCSEPDF 13
212 pagesrevision 46931
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The reasons why employees work hard and effectively for the business.
Switching employees between different tasks to reduce boredom and increase
skills.
● Job enlargement:
Giving employees more tasks of a similar level of responsibility.
● Job enrichment:
Giving employees more responsibility and decision-making power to make work
more fulfilling.
● Delegation:
Passing responsibility and authority for a task to a subordinate.
● Empowerment:
Giving employees more control over their work and the authority to make
decisions.
● Maslow’s hierarchy of needs:
A motivation theory suggesting people have five levels of needs —
physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualisation.
● Herzberg’s two-factor theory:
A motivation theory that identifies motivators (e.g. achievement, recognition) and
hygiene factors (e.g. pay, conditions).
● Organisation chart:
A diagram showing the structure of a business and the relationships between
employees.
● Hierarchy:
The levels of authority in an organisation.
● Span of control:
The number of subordinates working directly under a manager.
● Chain of command:
The line of authority through which instructions are passed down in an
organisation.
● Delegation:
Giving a subordinate authority to perform a particular task.
● Line manager:
A manager directly responsible for people below them in the hierarchy.
● Functional departments:
The main areas of a business such as marketing, finance, operations, and
human resources.
● Centralised organisation:
An organisation where decision-making power is kept at the top of the hierarchy.
Motivation:
Job rotation: