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Business Studies IGCSEPDF 68
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○ Measuring performance and taking corrective actions.
Delegation:
● Giving authority to subordinates to carry out tasks.
● Builds trust, reduces workload, and develops future managers.
● Requires balance: too little = micromanagement, too much = loss of control.
2.2.3 Leadership Styles
Style
Features
Autocratic
Democrati
c
Laissez-fa
ire
Leader makes all
decisions; little
input from staff
Staff involved in
decisions
Leader offers
minimal
supervision
Advantages
Quick decisions;
clear direction
Motivating;
better ideas
Encourages
innovation;
independence
Disadvantages
Suitable
Situations
Demotivating;
discourages
creativity
Crisis, unskilled
workers
Time-consuming
May lack
direction
Skilled/creative
teams
R&D,
experienced
workers
2.2.4 Trade Unions
Definition:
An organisation representing workers’ interests, aiming to improve pay, conditions, and
rights through collective bargaining.
Functions:
● Negotiating pay and working hours.
● Representing members in disputes.
● Ensuring safe working conditions.