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Business Studies IGCSEPDF 141
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4.3 Production methods
4.4 Technology in production
Common technologies:
Method
Job
production
Batch
production
Flow / Mass
production
Description
One-off,
customised
product
Goods made in
groups or
batches
Continuous
production on
assembly lines
Examples
Tailor-made
suit,
wedding
cake
Bakery,
clothing
factory
Cars,
phones
Flexibility,
economies of
scale
High output,
consistent
quality, low unit
cost
Advantages
High quality,
meets customer
needs
● CAD (Computer-Aided Design): Used to design products on computer.
● CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing): Controls machinery in production.
● CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing): Combines CAD and CAM.
● Robotics and automation: Replace labour in repetitive tasks.
Advantages:
● Higher productivity and accuracy.
● Lower long-term costs.
● Improved product quality.
Disadvantages:
● High setup cost.
● Worker redundancies.
● Training required.
Delay between
batches, storage
needed
High setup cost,
low worker
motivation
Disadvantages
Expensive, slow,
requires skilled
labour