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Business Studies IGCSEPDF 190
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Factor
Explanation
Example
Free Trade
Agreements (FTAs)
Countries reduce or remove tariffs
(import taxes) and quotas (import
limits), encouraging international
trade.
European Union, ASEAN,
and NAFTA are examples
of regional trade blocs.
Improved Transport
Cheaper and faster air, sea, and
road transport reduces the cost of
moving goods and people.
Container ships, air cargo,
and global logistics
networks like DHL.
Technological
Advancements
The internet and digital
communication make international
coordination easier and cheaper.
Online meetings,
e-commerce, remote
working, global marketing.
Industrial Growth in
Developing
Countries
Emerging economies (like China,
India, Vietnam) have become
major producers and exporters of
goods.
Global manufacturing shift
from Western countries to
Asia.
Global Financial
Systems
Easier flow of capital and
investment between countries.
Banks and investors
funding projects
worldwide.
3. Advantages of Globalisation (for Businesses)
1.
Access to New Markets – Firms can sell goods and services abroad, increasing
sales, revenue, and profit potential.
2.
Cheaper Production – Companies can move production to countries with lower
labour or material costs, reducing expenses.