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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 106 · PDF 106
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 106 · PDF 106
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Limited suitable sites: Only certain coastal areas with large tidal ranges are
suitable.
Environmental impact: Can affect marine life, fish migration, and sediment
flow.
Irregular output: Energy is only produced when tides are moving (twice a
day).
Pakistan has good tidal energy potential, especially along the Sindh coast (Indus
Delta creeks) and the Balochistan coast (e.g. Sonmiani, Kalmat etc.)
Tidal height (range) of 2-5 metres is observed in certain creek systems.
Some private/company interest and government licensing have been given for tidal
projects, but nothing has come into full operational status yet.
Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy is the heat energy from within the Earth’s crust.
It is produced by the decay of radioactive materials and the heat left over from
the planet’s formation.
This natural heat can be used to produce electricity or for direct heating.
How It Works (Methods):
1. Geothermal Power Plants:
○ Wells are drilled deep into hot rocks or geothermal reservoirs to reach
steam or hot water.
○ The steam rises through pipes and spins a turbine connected to a
generator, producing electricity.
2. Direct Heating Systems:
○
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