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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 98 · PDF 98
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 98 · PDF 98
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Oil Transport by Sea in Pakistan
2. Renewable vs Non-Renewable Sources
Non-Renewable Energy:
Derived from finite resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Cannot be
replaced once consumed; reserves will eventually deplete. Major source of
greenhouse gases (CO₂, SO₂, NOx). Provide bulk of Pakistan’s current
energy supply (thermal power).
Renewable Energy:
1. Main Ports Used:
○ Karachi Port, Port Qasim, and Gwadar Port handle most of Pakistan’s
imported crude and petroleum products.
2. Import Dependence:
○ Pakistan imports most of its oil by sea, mainly from Saudi Arabia, UAE,
and other Gulf countries.
3. Oil Terminals and Storage:
○ Ports have oil terminals for storage and transfer to refineries (e.g.
Karachi’s Keamari terminal, Port Qasim oil terminal).
4. Link with Inland Transport:
○ From ports, oil is moved inland by pipelines, rail tankers, or road
tankers to refineries and markets.
5. Strategic Importance of Gwadar:
○ Gwadar Port is being developed for oil trade and storage, especially
under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
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