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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 32 · PDF 32
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 32 · PDF 32
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6. The Value of Water as a Resource for Development
Economic Development:
○ Water underpins agricultural productivity, energy generation, and
industrial growth, all of which contribute to GDP and exports.
○ Hydropower provides a low-cost, renewable energy source, critical for
energy security.
Water Conservation Techniques: Drip and sprinkler irrigation, laser
leveling, crop diversification to less water-intensive varieties.
Pollution Control: Enforcement of effluent treatment regulations;
establishment of wastewater treatment plants.
Infrastructure Rehabilitation: Desilting canals, repairing leakage-prone
sections.
Awareness and Education: Promoting water-saving habits and efficient
domestic use.
Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM): Coordinating across
sectors and provinces for sustainable allocation.
Afforestation and Watershed Management: To reduce soil erosion and
enhance groundwater recharge.
Industrial Operations:
○ Water is essential in almost every industrial process — used for cooling,
cleaning, processing, and as a raw material in manufacturing.
○ Industries such as textiles, sugar, cement, beverages, tanneries, paper,
and fertilizers are heavily water-dependent.