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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 157 · PDF 157
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 157 · PDF 157
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Sparsely populated:
Balochistan, Northern Areas, deserts (harsh climate, poor soil,
lack of water).
3. Factors affecting distribution
Physical: flat fertile land, moderate climate, water availability, fewer natural hazards →
higher density.
Economic: industry, trade, and transport attract population (Karachi, Lahore,
Faisalabad).
Social: better services, schools, hospitals.
Political: safer and more stable areas attract settlement.
(d) Employment
1. Employment sectors
Primary:
farming, fishing, forestry, mining (~40–45% of labour force).
Secondary:
manufacturing and industry (~20%).
Tertiary:
services (education, trade, transport, healthcare) (~35–40%).
2. Changes over time
Fewer people in
education.
agriculture
, more in
industry and services
due to urbanisation and
Still, most jobs are
low-skilled
and
informal.
3. Unemployment and underemployment
Rural unemployment:
landless farmers, seasonal jobs, mechanisation reduces labour
demand.
Urban unemployment:
too many migrants, few skilled jobs, slow industrial growth.
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