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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 47 · PDF 47
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 47 · PDF 47
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Timber: Used locally for furniture and agricultural tools.
Fruit-bearing trees: Wild olive and ber provide edible fruits.
Importance:
Prevent erosion on foothills and slopes.
Help conserve water and maintain moisture in soils.
Provide livelihood to rural communities.
Contribute to micro-climate regulation in semi-arid areas.
D. Subtropical Pine Forests
Location:
Mid-altitude ranges (900–1,700 m) — in Murree, Dir, Swat, Abbottabad, and
Balochistan (Ziarat region).
Main Species:
Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii).
Uses:
Timber: Used for construction and poles.
Resin extraction: For paints, varnishes, and chemicals.
Firewood: Readily available source in rural highlands.
Tourism: Add scenic beauty to hill resorts.
Importance:
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