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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 45 · PDF 45
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 45 · PDF 45
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Grazing: Summer pastures for yaks, sheep, and goats.
Fuelwood: Small shrubs used as limited fuel source.
Water Catchment: Maintain glaciers and snowfields which feed rivers.
Tourism: Scenic beauty attracts trekkers and tourists.
Importance:
Prevent glacial erosion and landslides.
Preserve biodiversity in extreme climates.
Support pastoral livelihoods.
Critical for hydrological balance and sustaining Indus River flow.
B. Coniferous (Temperate) Forests
Location:
Found between 1,000–3,000 meters altitude in Murree, Galliyat, Swat, Dir,
Chitral, and Azad Kashmir.
Climate:
Cool and moist with heavy rainfall and snowfall.
Main Species:
Deodar, Blue Pine, Chir Pine, Fir, Spruce.
Uses:
Timber: High-quality wood for construction, furniture, and railway sleepers.
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