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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 36 · PDF 36
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 36 · PDF 36
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The World Bank appointed a Neutral Expert, Professor Raymond Lafitte, to
resolve the dispute under Article IX of the Indus Water Treaty.
Findings (2007):
○ The Neutral Expert upheld India’s right to construct the dam.
Baglihar Dam [A Case Study]
Pakistan’s Objections:
○ Filed a formal complaint in 2005 with the World Bank (the treaty’s
guarantor).
○ Claimed that India’s design violated the Treaty by including:
■ Excessive storage (pondage), allowing India to manipulate river
flow.
■ Low-level outlets (gated spillways) that could be used to control
or stop water flow to Pakistan during critical crop seasons.
■ A dam height greater than permitted under run-of-the-river
criteria.
○ Feared that India could reduce or delay water releases, particularly
during Rabi crop seasons, negatively affecting Pakistan’s agriculture.
India’s Position:
○ Argued that the project complied fully with the IWT and that the dam’s
design features were essential for the safety and efficiency of
hydroelectric power generation.
○ Claimed the pondage was within permissible limits and that gated
spillways were required for sediment control and operational flexibility
in the mountainous terrain.
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