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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 123 · PDF 123
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Industrial Development
(a) Understanding Common Terms
Key Definitions
(b) Secondary and Tertiary Industries
1. Types of Industry
Services
Type Large-
scale
industry
Refined
Processed
Manufactured
Value-added
Infrastructure
Term
Raw materials
Primary industry
Secondary
industry
Tertiary industry
Definition
Meaning
Example
Uses heavy machinery, largecapital, many
workers.
Provides services (e.g. transport, retail, tourism, education).
Steel, cement,
fertilizer.
Natural resources used to make goods,e.g. cotton, limestone,
sugarcane.
Removal of impurities from raw materials (e.g. crude oil → petrol).
Changing raw materials into a usable form (e.g. wheat → flour).
Finished products made from raw/processed materials (e.g. cars,
clothing).
Increase in product value through processing or manufacturing.
Basic physical and organisational facilities – roads, railways, power,
water, ports.
Activities that provide support rather than goods, e.g. transport,
banking, tourism.
Extracts natural resources (e.g. mining, fishing, farming).
Processes or manufactures goods (e.g. cement, textiles, steel).
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