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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 52 · PDF 52
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 52 · PDF 52
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3. Factors Affecting Forest Distribution
4. Reasons for Afforestation and Plantations
Indus Plain:
Human Factors
Physical Factors
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Meet industrial timber demand.
Deforestation: For agriculture, housing, timber, and fuel.
Overgrazing: Prevents regeneration.
Urban Expansion: Cuts down forests near cities.
Illegal Logging: Destroys valuable trees.
Dams/Barrages: Reduce flooding that sustains riverine forests.
Rainfall: High rainfall supports dense forests; dry areas have scrub.
Temperature: Cold areas favor conifers; hot areas have thorny vegetation.
Altitude: Determines type — alpine at top, coniferous at mid-level, subtropical
below.
Soil Fertility: Alluvial soils favor irrigated and riverine forests.
Water Availability: Rivers and rainfall influence vegetation density.