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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 155 · PDF 155
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 155 · PDF 155
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Pressureoneducation and healthcare systems.
Difficult to improve
GDP per capita
because population grows faster than the economy.
5. Solutions and population control
Promote
Association).
family planning
and
awareness campaigns
(e.g. Greenstar, Family Planning
Increase
female literacy and employment.
Encourage
late marriage and smaller families.
Improve
ruralhealthcare and education.
Provide
economic incentives for fewer children.
(b) Movements of Population
1. Types of movement
Rural–urban migration:
from villages to cities like Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad for jobs
and services.
Seasonal migration:
agricultural workers move temporarily for harvests or construction.
workers go abroad (mainly to Gulf countries).
Emigration:
Immigration:
refugees enter Pakistan (mainly from Afghanistan).
2. Push factors (from rural areas)
Unemployment and poverty.
Lack of schools, hospitals, and services.
Droughts, floods, and poor living conditions.
3. Pull factors (towards cities)
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