Document page
Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 16 · PDF 16
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 16 · PDF 16
Page image rendered from the stored file at 110 dpi; it sharpens as you zoom. Outlines are placed from each region’s stored position on the page (612 × 792 pt).
readable
Source of this text: embedded text layer. The better of the embedded text and OCR is kept.
Water issues: seasonal mismatch (monsoon flows
concentrated in summer), upstream water management
(regional geopolitics), groundwater depletion (widespread in
Punjab due to tube wells, recently accelerated by cheap
solar pumping), irrigation inefficiencies and inequitable
distribution.
3) Climate: controls, seasons & spatial variation
Controls: latitude (subtropical position), altitude (cooling
with height), proximity to sea, relief (orographic rainfall),
monsoon winds and western disturbances. PMD is the
national agency responsible for forecasts and monsoon
advisories.
16