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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 141 · PDF 141
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 141 · PDF 141
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MostdenseinPunjaband Sindh
fertile agricultural areas.
— due to flat land, industries, high population, and
SparseinBalochistanandNorthern Areas
density, and poor weather conditions.
— mountainous terrain, low population
Main highways:
N-5 (Grand Trunk Road):
Karachi → Hyderabad → Multan → Lahore →
Rawalpindi → Peshawar.
○ N-25 (RCD Highway): Karachi → Quetta → Taftan (Iran border).
○ Motorways: M-1 (Peshawar–Islamabad), M-2 (Islamabad–Lahore), M-3
(Lahore–Multan), M-4 (Faisalabad–Multan), M-5 (Multan–Sukkur).
Railways
Main rail network lies in Punjab and Sindh plains — easy to build on flat land.
Sparse in northern and western Pakistan because of rugged mountains and deserts.
Main Line (ML-1): Karachi → Hyderabad → Rohri → Multan → Lahore → Rawalpindi →
Peshawar.
Branch lines: Link smaller towns (e.g., Quetta–Zhob, Rohri–Quetta).
Air Transport
Used for long-distancetravel
and remote areas (mountain valleys).
Major airports:
Karachi (Jinnah), Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar, Quetta.
Small airports/airstrips:
Skardu, Gilgit, Chitral (for northern areas).
2. Factors Affecting Location, Maintenance, and Development
Helping Factors
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