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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 25 · PDF 25
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 25 · PDF 25
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management), and adaptation strategies is needed (2).
Describe the causes, immediate impacts and two long-term
responses to severe monsoon floods in Pakistan. (10 marks)
Model answer (guide) — marks allocated across subparts:
causes (3), immediate impacts (3), two long-term responses (4).
Causes (3): intense monsoon rains, saturated catchments,
cloudbursts/flash floods, glacier melt and poor land-use (1
each up to 3).
Immediate impacts (3): deaths & injuries; displacement and
loss of homes; crop & livestock destruction and disruption of
transport/infrastructure (1 each).
Long-term responses (4): (a) Rebuilding resilient
infrastructure and restoring floodplains/ mangroves; (b)
strengthening early warning systems, community
preparedness and risk financing (cash grants, insurance).
Mention NDMA/PDMA role and international PDNA findings
to justify (2 each).
Q5 (10 marks) — Hazard case study style (long answer)
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