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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 135 · PDF 135
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 135 · PDF 135
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○ Weak rupee → exports cheaper, imports costlier.
○ Strong rupee → exports are more expensive abroad.
○ Oldest and largest EPZ (set up in 1981).
○ Handles diverse export industries due to port access.
Textiles, garments, electronics, chemicals, packaging.
1.Low industrial development – outdated technology and low productivity make
exports less competitive.
2.Limited value-added exports – dependence on raw goods like cotton and rice
instead of manufactured products.
3.Energy shortages – frequent power cuts disrupt production and delay export
orders.
4.Political instability and poor infrastructure – discourage investors and slow
down transport and delivery.
5.Strong competition – from countries like China, India, and Bangladesh with
cheaper, better-quality goods.
6. Trade barriers and global standards – high tariffs and strict quality rules in
developed countries restrict access to markets.
1. Karachi EPZ
Main focus:
Functions:
Currency exchange rates:
Export Processing Zones in Pakistan
Why it is difficult for Pakistan to maintain or increase its share of trade
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