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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 113 · PDF 113
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 113 · PDF 113
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3. Physical and Human Factors Influencing Power Development
Physical Factors:
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Climate (rainfall, sunshine, wind speed).
River flow and topography.
2. Conditions Favouring Hydel Development
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Mountainous regions (northern Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Gilgit-Baltistan).
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Steep river gradients producing high potential energy.
Abundant water flow from Indus and its tributaries.
Strong bedrock suitable for dam construction.
Existing infrastructure from Indus Basin Water Treaty projects.
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High initial capital cost; long construction time.
Sedimentation reduces dam capacity; displaces local communities.
Wind Power:
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Advantages:
No fuel cost, no pollution, renewable.
Suitable for coastal and desert regions with strong steady winds.
Disadvantages:
Irregular output depends on wind strength.
Requires large open land areas; visual and noise concerns.
Solar Power:
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Advantages:
Abundant sunlight in most of Pakistan, especially Balochistan and
Sindh.
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Ideal for rural electrification and domestic heating.
Disadvantages:
Expensive panels and batteries; efficiency drops on cloudy days.
Requires regular maintenance.
Other Renewables (Tidal, Biofuels, Geothermal):
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Advantages: Sustainable and eco-friendly energy sources.
Disadvantages: Technologically demanding; limited development in
Pakistan.
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