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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 20 · PDF 20
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 20 · PDF 20
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Drought-resilient cropping, water-saving irrigation (drip,
scheduling), groundwater regulation (well mapping),
rainwater harvesting, drought contingency planning and
cash/food assistance.
●Crop failures, livestock mortality, food insecurity, migration,
reduced hydropower & irrigation availability. FAO / NDMA
reported major crop losses during recent drought spells.
Hydrological drought: reduced river/reservoir flows and
groundwater levels.
Pakistan has seen drought episodes across Sindh,
Balochistan and parts of Punjab — aggravated by reduced
seasonal rainfall and rising temperatures. PMD’s NDMC
monitors drought and issues bulletins (regular drought
alerts).
Tropical cyclones (Arabian Sea): less frequent than Bay of
Bengal cyclones but can be strong and cause coastal storm
surge, heavy coastal rain and damage to ports/coastal
Impacts
Adaptation & response
4.3 Storms, cyclones & cloudbursts
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