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Pak Studies Geography IGCSEprinted 107 · PDF 107
162 pagesrevision 46929
printed 107 · PDF 107
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Hot water from underground is piped directly into buildings,
greenhouses, or fish farms for heating.
Renewable: The Earth’s heat is continuously produced and is not likely to run
out.
Clean and green: Emits very little greenhouse gas compared to fossil fuels.
Reliable: Provides continuous power (unlike solar or wind, which depend on
weather).
Low running cost: Once a plant is built, it is cheap to operate.
High initial cost: Drilling deep wells and building plants are very expensive.
Limited locations: Only possible in regions with volcanic or tectonic activity
(e.g., Iceland, New Zealand, Indonesia).
Possible land subsidence: Removing steam or water can cause the ground to
sink.
Release of gases: Small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and other gases may
escape from underground.
Pakistan has considerable geothermal potential. There are many hot springs,
fumaroles (steam vents), mud volcanoes, and elevated geothermal
gradients in several regions.
Some specific areas with high potential:
Potential
Advantages:
Disadvantages: