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Islamiyat IGCSEPDF 148
204 pagesrevision 46927
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scholars question the use of qiyas.
• Shi’i Muslims have expressed more unease with the use of qiyas than many Sunnis, because
qiyas can be
subjective and in its place accept the use of aql/reason which is the judgment of the legal
expert on the basis of the
Qur’an, sunna, and consensus.
• Shi’as have always agreed that the duty of the expert is to keep to the way set by the Imams
in making decisions.
2.(b) ‘By using the principle of analogy (qiyas) the basic laws of Islam can be applied at any
time and in any case.’ Do you agree? [4]
• agree with this statement.
• new rulings can be formed for any new circumstance, based on their basic similarity with
the basic laws of the
Qur’an and sunna. In this way the divine laws revealed in the Qur’an and sunna remain
unchanged without
becoming outdated.
• The fundamental laws were made by God who created man and knows what’s best for him
at all times. For
changing aspects of human life, the Qur’an and sunna provide basic principles which may be
applied by analogy
whenever the need arises
• e.g. the issue of drugs could be cited, cocaine was not present in the Prophet’s (pbuh) time
so is its use allowed?
The Prophet (pbuh) had said, ‘Every intoxicant is khamr, and every khamr is haram’ so every
intoxicant is unlawful
is a conclusion that could be derived by the use of analogy.
2.(b) Why do the Prophet’s Hadiths link belief and action so closely? [4]
• The Prophet’s Hadiths link belief and action because mere faith without righteous deeds is
meaningless. Belief is sincere only when put into action.
• e.g if someone believes in pillars of Islam i.e prayer, fasting, zakat etc but does not practice
any of