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Islamiyat IGCSEPDF 21
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and serve as signs of His Lordship. The verse warns believers not to worship these celestial
bodies, as they possess no authority or independent power. Instead, they point towards the
Creator who designed them with perfect balance and purpose. The continuous alternation of
night and day reveals Allah’s control over time and creation, proving that everything in the
universe submits to His will. By contemplating these signs, humans can recognize the unity and
majesty of Allah and understand that worship and gratitude are due to Him alone, not to the
forces or objects He has created.
Surah al-Fātiḥah beautifully illustrates the relationship between Allah and humankind. It opens
by praising Allah as the “Lord of all the worlds,” the Creator, Sustainer, and ultimate Judge over
all creation. The Surah reminds humans that they were created to worship Allah in every aspect
of life — through prayer, obedience, supplication, and gratitude. It teaches that worship and
These verses describe Allah’s absolute ownership and control over the heavens and the earth.
Everything in creation belongs to Him alone, and no one shares in His authority, attributes, or
power. His greatness is so overwhelming that even the heavens tremble at His majesty, and the
angels glorify and praise Him continuously. They pray for forgiveness for those on earth, reflecting
both Allah’s mercy and His compassion for humankind. Despite human wrongdoing, Allah’s mercy
prevails, as He has decreed for Himself the law of grace and forgiveness. He allows time for
repentance and continually guides His creation towards the truth. This passage portrays Allah as
both supremely powerful and deeply merciful — a reminder that His might inspires awe, while His
mercy invites hope.
Surah al-Ikhlas summarizes the essence of Islamic belief in the Oneness of Allah. It proclaims
that Allah is One, unique in His essence and attributes, without partner, equal, or rival. He is
Eternal and Absolute, dependent on none, while all creation depends upon Him for existence
and sustenance. The Surah firmly denies the false beliefs that Allah has any offspring or was
Himself created, emphasizing that He is above all human limitations. The final verse, “And there
is none like unto Him,” establishes His complete uniqueness beyond imagination or comparison.
This short but comprehensive chapter captures the purity of faith (Ikhlas) and defines the
foundation of Islam — that true belief lies in worshipping Allah alone, recognizing His
perfection, and affirming that nothing can ever resemble Him.
Surah al-Fātiḥah (1)
Surah al-Ikhlas (112:1–4)
Surah ash-Shura (42:4–5)
Allah's Relationship with the Created World