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Islamiyat IGCSEPDF 153

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PDF 153

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(i) Al-Aswad al-‘Ansi: His name was Abhal ibn kaab al-Ansi He was the leader of the ‘Ansi tribe in Yemen. His dark complexion earned him the title al-Aswad i.e. the black man, and he was also known as the veiled prophet as he covered his face to hide his ughliness and to create a mystery about himself. Before claiming prophethood al Aswad al-Ansihad tried his hand at soothsaying and magic and claimed he had knowledge of the unknown. In 3 the later years of the Prophet’s (S.A.W) life, al-Aswad claimed to have received divine guidance and inspiration, and he used tricks to convince the people of his ‘miracles’. After collecting a large army, he rose in open opposition to Islam and invaded Najran and most of Yemen. killing Shahr the ruler of Yemen he forcibly married his widow and declared himself ruler of Yemen and the leader of the Ans tribe. An expedition was organized and led by Firuz al-Dhalaymi, a Persian Muslim, who succeeded In killing al-Aswad a day before Prophet’s death . However, learning of the Prophet’s demise, al-Aswad’s followers regrouped and revolted under a man called Qais ibn ‘Abd Yaghus; they were defeated by Firuz and subsequently surrendered along with their leader. (ii) Tulayha ibn Khuwaylid ibn Nawfal al-Asadi: He was the wealthy leader of the Bani Asad and Ghatafan tribes in north Arabia, and was a renowned warrior who initially opposed the Muslims. In 630 he converted to Islam, but shortly afterwards he rebelled and proclaimed himself as a prophet. Many tribes accepted his ‘prophethood’ and combined to raise a strong force against Islam. Khalid ibn al-Walid was sent to quell this revolt and at the Battle of Buzakha in September 632, Tulayha was defeated and escaped to Syria while most of his followers submitted and accepted Islam. Later, when Syria was conquered by the Muslim, he converted to Islam once again, and subsequently fought alongside the Muslims in the battles of Jalula, Qadisiyah, and Nihawand against the Persians. (iii) Sajah bint-al Harith: She was an Arab Christian from the tribe of Taghlib and first enjoyed their protection; following a split within the Banu Tamim, she had the protection of the Banu Hanifa. Sajah had a following as a sooth- sayer, and after the death of Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W), when many of her tribesmen rejected Islam, she declared herself as a prophetess. She collected a force of 4000 to march on Madina, but learning of Tulayha’s defeat by Khalid ibn al-Walid, Sajah dropped her plans. She then sought the help of Musailimah, another self-proclaimed prophet, and reached an agreement with him to face Khalid. Subsequently, Sajah married Musailimah and accepted his prophethood. Meanwhile, Khalid ibn al-Walid crushed Sajah’s forces and then moved against Musailimah who was killed in the Battle of Yamama. After Musailimah’s death, Sajah became a Muslim. Musailimah al-Kadhdab (The Liar): Known as Musailimah ibn Habib al-Hanafi, he belonged to the large and influential tribe, Banu Hanifa, in the Yamama region to the east of the Arabian Peninsula. Musailimah was also wealthy and powerful and he used his influence to misguide people and declared himself a prophet during Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) lifetime. In fact he had visited the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) in Madina and spent time in his company. Upon his return from Madina , Musalimah declared his prophethood and claimed to have received divine revelation. He founded a new creed in which he reduced the number of daily prayers relieved his followers from the practicing of fasting and giving zakat and made drinking and adultery permissible. He even wrote to the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) declaring himself a ‘messenger of Allah’ and that he had been given a share with him in prophethood. Of course, his claims were firmly and clearly rejected by Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W), who addressed him as an ‘arch-lair’. After the death of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) Musailimah challenged Hazrat Abu Bakr’s caliphate.