Document page
Islamiyat IGCSEPDF 54
204 pagesrevision 46927
PDF 54
Page image rendered from the stored file at 110 dpi; it sharpens as you zoom. Outlines are placed from each region’s stored position on the page (612 × 792 pt).
readable
Source of this text: embedded text layer. The better of the embedded text and OCR is kept.
In Madinah, a new challenge arose from within — the
outwardly professed Islam but secretly opposed it. Their leader,
, or hypocrites, who
,
resented the Prophet’s (PBUH) influence, fearing the loss of his tribal authority.
The hypocrites attempted to divide the Muslim community through lies and conspiracies.
During the Battle of Uhud, Ibn Ubayy withdrew a third of the army, weakening morale. They
also spread false rumors about the Prophet (PBUH) and his family, such as during the incident
of Aisha’s (RA) slander.
The Prophet (PBUH), however, dealt with them with wisdom and restraint. He avoided direct
punishment to prevent civil unrest and instead exposed their deceit through Qur’anic revelation
— such as Surah Al-Munafiqoon and verses in Surah At-Tawbah. His leadership emphasized
that hypocrisy destroys faith and unity, while patience and moral integrity preserve it.
Through this, Muslims learned that sincerity, loyalty, and inner faith are more valuable than
empty declarations, and that leadership requires tolerance even toward hidden enemies.
After establishing stability in Madinah, the Prophet (PBUH) sought peaceful relations and
alliances with the surrounding Arab tribes. His approach was diplomatic — inviting tribes to
Islam while respecting their autonomy. Treaties were signed with tribes such as Banu Dhamrah,
Banu Mudlij, and Banu Juhaynah, ensuring mutual defense and trade security.
The Prophet (PBUH) also sent companions as ambassadors and teachers to spread the message
of Islam through wisdom and good example. Many tribes embraced Islam voluntarily, inspired
by the justice and conduct of the Muslims. Others, who remained neutral or hostile, were treated
with fairness.
This gradual expansion was not through conquest, but through persuasion, justice, and peaceful
engagement. By the later Madinan years, much of Arabia had either accepted Islam or
recognized Madinah’s leadership, showing that the Prophet (PBUH) combined spiritual mission
with political vision, creating unity across a previously divided land.
These events were not acts of religious intolerance but responses to betrayal and threats to
community safety. The Prophet (PBUH) upheld justice and fairness throughout, showing that
coexistence was possible as long as mutual trust was maintained. This set a precedent in Islam
for peaceful relations and fair treatment of non-Muslims who honor their agreements.
b. Relations with Hypocrites (Munafiqeen)
Munafiqeen
Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul
c. Expansion of Islam and Relations with Surrounding Tribes
5. Major Battles and Their Significance