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Islamiyat IGCSEPDF 155
204 pagesrevision 46927
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annals it came to be known as The Battle of Death. When Musailmah was finally killed by
Wahshi al Harb who had killed Hazrat Hamza in the battle of Uhad the Banu Hanifa
surrendered and accepted the offered terms and were readmitted to the fold of Islam. Many
prominent Muslims and huffaz also lost their lives in this battle. Hazrat Abu Bakr after
defeating the false Prophets turned his attention to the uprising in Bahrain, Oman, Mahrah
and Hadramaut.
Compilation of Quran:
During the time of the Prophet (pbuh) the Qur’an was written on pieces of animal skin and
on parts of bone but was mainly memorised by the companions. At the time of the Prophet
(P.B.U.H) death no official copy of the Quran existed. • After becoming caliph, Hazrat Abu
Bakr waged a war against the false prophet Musailima and many companions who had
committed the Holy Quran to memory were martyred in that battle known as the battle of
Yamamah. • Hazrat Umar suggested to Hazrat Abu Bakr that the Quran should be compiled.
Hazrat Abu Bakr, however, hesitated and said that he would not do the job left unfinished by
the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). According to Hazrat Abu Bakr, “Umar went on persuading me
to accept his suggestion till I was convinced that he was right so I accepted his suggestion.” •
Hazrat Abu Bakr asked Zaid bin Sabit, one of scribes of Divine revelation to collect the
Quranic verses from every part of the Islamic empire and compile them in book form. He
was also reluctant but Abu Bakr persuaded him. Zaid later remarked, “It would have been
easier to carry a mountain on my shoulders, than to compile the Quran.” • A commission was
appointed headed by Zaid Bin Sabit and its members comprised at least twenty or twenty
five companions who had committed the Quran to memory. Zaid Bin sabit traced out and
collected the chapters of the Quran from 5 every person who had it in their possession. He
collected it from palm leaves, stones, and pieces of wood and people who had committed it to
memory. ➢ Zaid Bin Sabit was not content just finding a written piece of the Quran. ➢ He
also verified it from those people who had heard it from the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). ➢
Though he himself was a hafiz of Quran, he always tried to find a verse in writing before
including it in his manuscript, ➢ He did not accept any part without two witnesses to it. ➢
The verses were written in the order that the Prophet (pbuh) had given, but the surahs were
written on separate sheets. so that version of the Quran he recorded was the one heard from
and written under the supervision of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). The script prepared by
Zaid Bin Sabit was named “Mushaf” by Abdullah bin Masood.
Administration:
Hazrat Abu Bakr laid the foundation of a truly democratic state following the teachings of the
Quran and the traditions of the Prophet (P.B.U.H).
• Abu Bakr conducted affairs of the Government by consultation. He used to consult eminent
companions in all important matters.
• For the purpose of administration, Arabia was divided into provinces each under a
governor, who was required to lead the prayers, superintended the army, collect taxes,
administer justice, and maintain law and order. He was aided by an Amil who collected
revenues and a Qazi who administered justice.
• There was no regular police department at that time, but whenever any crime came into his
notice, he took strict action against in the light of Quran and the Hadith. • Abu Bakr selected
all his officers, commanders and governors on their merit and not because of family or tribal
consideration.
• He set up a strict standard of accounting of public money. He also gave proper shape to the
public treasury, the Bait ul-Maal.