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Islamiyat IGCSEPDF 156
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• He established military cantonments and maintained a reserve force. He dispatched
expeditionary forces to Iran, Syria and Palestine. As a result, vast territories were added to
Muslim Empire.
• He safeguarded and protected the rights of non-Muslim subjects who were granted
religious and cultural freedom. They were allowed to manage their affairs themselves. • By
his efficient administration he preserved the integrity of Islam by suppressing rebellions and
making sure that the Pillar of zakat was enforced.
•Hazrat Abu Bakr’s caliphate was also significant for the preservation of the Quran.
Main events/ Achievements of Caliphate:
Abu Bakr was elected as the first caliph of the Islamic state after a meeting in Saqifa Bani
saida and with the general bayyat of Muslims in Masjid e Nabwi in 11A.H/632A.D. He
addressed the community and pledged that the state will be governed according to Islamic
principles. He continued Prophet’s intention of sending expeditions to North and sent
Usama bin Zayd to Syria in 632AD despite all the opposition and threats. It shows that he
was obedient to the Prophet’s command and he continued the policy of the expansion of the
Islamic state. Later another force under Khalid bin Walid advanced into Iraq and then
turned west into Palestine to defeat the Byzantines at the battle of Ajnadain 13 AH/634AD.
In this way Abu Bakr began Muslim advance into Syria and Iraq. He fought against tribes
who withheld zakat and apostatized Islam. At that time many hostile tribes such as Banu
Asad, Banu Ghatafan, Banu Murrah and Banu Abbas sent their delegates to Madina and
demanded that they should be exempted from the payment of Zakat. Abu Bakr remained
firm and rejected their demand. These tribes attacked Madina in 632 AD but eventually they
were defeated and agreed to pay Zakat. 6 Under the influence of the false prophets many
tribes renounced Islam. Abu Bakr collected the army in Madina and divided it into eleven
battalions and sent them to different parts of Arabia in order to crush the apostasy
movement. Within a year the control of Islam was reestablished. After Prophet’s death
several false prophets arose in different parts of the Islamic state.
• Of these Aswad al Ansi from Ansi tribe, was first to rise in Yemen. He was killed during
Prophet’s lifetime. Later, his followers grouped and revolted under a man called Qais bin
Abd Yaghus, but eventually they were defeated.
• Tulayha from the tribes of Banu Asad and Banu Ghatafan in Northern Arabia. In 630 AD
he converted to Islam but shortly afterwards he rebelled and proclaimed himself as a
prophet. Khalid bin Waleed defeated him at the battle of Buzaka in September 632 AD.
• Sajjah from Banu Tamim tribe in Iraq she claimed to be a prophetess and collected a force
of 4,000 to march on Madina. Khalid bin Waleed crushed her forces. She then joined
Musailma and after his death accepted Islam.
• And the most dangerous one Musailma from Banu Hanifa tribe in central Arabia. he was in
command of an army of 40,000. In December 632 AD Abu Bakr first sent Ikrmah and
Shurabil. when they were defeated then he sent Khalid bin Waleed with an army of 13,000
men . A hot contest followed in which Muslims were victorious. It came to be known as the
battle of Garden of Death. This battle led to the compilation of Quran. Hazrat Abu Bakr laid
the foundation of a truly democratic state following the teachings of the Quran and the
traditions of the Prophet (P.B.U.H). Abu Bakr conducted affairs of the Government by
consultation. He used to consult eminent companions in all important matters. For the
purpose of administration, Arabia was divided into provinces each under a governor, who
was required to lead the prayers, superintended the army, collect taxes, administer justice,
and maintain law and order. He was aided by an Amil who collected revenues and a Qazi