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Islamiyat IGCSEPDF 57
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Idols in the Ka‘bah were destroyed, and Makkah was restored as the spiritual center of Islam.
This event symbolized the victory of truth over falsehood, achieved through mercy and
forgiveness rather than vengeance.
In the 10th year after Hijrah, the Prophet (PBUH) performed his Farewell Pilgrimage and
delivered his Final Sermon on Mount Arafat before over 100,000 Muslims. He declared the
sanctity of life, property, and honor, emphasized women’s rights, ended racial superiority, and
urged adherence to the Qur’an and Sunnah.
Soon after Makkah’s conquest, tribes like
and Thaqif attacked the Muslims. Initially
surprised at Hunayn, the Muslims regrouped under the Prophet’s (PBUH) call and won
decisively. The Siege of Ta’if followed but ended peacefully, as its people later accepted Islam
voluntarily.
These victories consolidated Muslim control over Arabia, demonstrating that faith, discipline,
ensure lasting success.
The Madinan period marked the
, based on
and divine law. It united people of various backgrounds under one moral and legal system.
Governance was built on consultation (Shura), compassion, and fairness. The Prophet (PBUH)
When Quraysh violated the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, the Prophet (PBUH) advanced towards
Makkah with an army of 10,000. The city surrendered peacefully. The Prophet (PBUH) entered
humbly, proclaiming “Whoever enters the Ka‘bah is safe.” He forgave his former enemies,
declaring:
This sermon summarized Islam’s message of equality, justice, and unity, marking the completion
of the Prophet’s (PBUH) mission.
a.
b. Battle of Hunayn and the Siege of Ta’if
Hawazin
and mercy
c. Farewell Pilgrimage and the Final Sermon (632 CE)
Establishment of an Islamic State and Society
formation of thefirst Islamicstate
justice,equality,
“Go, for you are free.”
“I leave behind me two things: the Qur’an and my Sunnah. If you hold fast to them,
you will never go astray.”
8. Significance of the Madinan Period