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Islamiyat IGCSEPDF 56
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In 6 AH, the Prophet (PBUH) and 1400 Muslims set out to perform Umrah but were stopped at
Hudaybiyyah by Quraysh. A treaty was signed with conditions seemingly unfavorable to
Muslims — such as postponing Umrah until the next year and returning any Meccan converts.
However, this treaty was a strategic victory. It brought
spread freely through dialogue and example. In the following two years,
Islam than ever before. The Qur’an refers to it as a clear triumph:
, allowing Islam to
“Indeed, We have given you a clear victory.” (Surah Al-Fath 48:1)
The Prophet (PBUH) displayed patience, wisdom, and long-term vision, teaching Muslims that
peace and diplomacy can achieve what war cannot.
The siege lasted weeks under harsh conditions, but the Muslims stood firm. Eventually, the
confederate army retreated due to cold, disunity, and divine intervention through a violent storm.
The Prophet (PBUH)’s strategic genius and reliance on Allah ensured victory without major
bloodshed.
This battle marked the end of Quraysh’s military dominance and the rise of Islam as a strong
force in Arabia.
After Hudaybiyyah, the Prophet (PBUH) sent letters to major rulers — including Heraclius
(Byzantine Emperor), Khosrow (Persia), the Negus (Abyssinia), and Muqawqis (Egypt) —
inviting them to Islam. These letters emphasized monotheism, peace, and justice, showing
Islam’s universal message.
Some, like the Negus, responded positively, while others rejected or destroyed the letters.
Nonetheless, these diplomatic efforts marked Islam’s expansion beyond Arabia and presented it
as a global faith promoting peace, equality, and submission to Allah.
a. Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (628 CE)
peace for ten years
morepeopleembraced
6. Treaties and Peace Efforts
7. Conquest and Consolidation
a. Conquest of Makkah (630 CE)
b. Letters to World Leaders Inviting Them to Islam