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Islamiyat IGCSEPDF 177
204 pagesrevision 46927
PDF 177
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Importance
Qur’an/Hadith references
Core belief that defines one as a Muslim.
Recited at birth, in prayer, and before death.
“Allah witnesses that there is no deity except Him…” (3:18)
“La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammadur Rasul Allah.”
(“There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”)
Basis for all other pillars — without it, other acts of worship have no meaning.
Affirms Tawhid (oneness of Allah) and acceptance of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
as His final messenger.
circumambulation around the Ka’bah , the hem of his mantle fell and came under the feet of
another circumambulator. Jabalah at once slapped him on the face. The victim retaliated and
Jabalah complained to the caliph. Upon hearing the complaint, the caliph Umar said, ‘you
have received the punishment of what you have done.’ Jabalah was amazed at the reply and
said ‘I belong to high class family, if anyone acts rudely against us, he is punished with death.
The Caliph Umar replied that it was an un Islamic practice. Islam equalizes all ranks and
everyone is equal before law. Jabala furiously replied, “If Islam is a system in which there is
no distinction between high and common people, I abjure it.”
• During the caliphate of Umar (R.A) “a Syrian cultivator complained that the army had
trampled down his crops, and the caliph at once ordered for the payment of the ten thousand
dirhams to him as compensation out of the Bait-ul mal.”
• The rights of life, honour and property of Muslims and the Zimmis were considered to be
the same. During the Khilafat of Hazrat Ali, a Muslim killed a Zimmi. Hazrat Ali ordered the
Muslim to be killed, but the brother of the murdered person pardoned him. Hazrat Abu Bakr
and Hazrat Usman fixed the blood money of a Zimmi equal to that of a Muslim.The religious
freedom which these people enjoyed can be judged from an event that took place During the
Khilafat of Hazrat Umar who invited his slave to accept Islam and quoted the Quranic verse:
“Let there be no compulsion in religion.” (2:256) The poor and disabled Zimmis were not
only exempt from paying Jizya (a tax taken from non-Muslim living in a Muslim State) but a
stipendwas fixed for them from the state treasury.
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