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Islamiyat IGCSEPDF 166
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Charges / Allegations:
The People, who had once spoken highly of Hazrat Usman, brought several allegations
against him afterwards which eventually led to the assassination of Hazrat Usman.
destroyed by fire. Hazrat Usman also sent teachers to these areas to teach the correct dialect
to the inhabitants of these areas.
• Hazrat Usman is Known as Jami-al-Quran. These means that he brought the Muslims
around to a uniform reading of the Quran.
Causes of Revolt against Hazrat Usman: The first half of Hazrat Usman’s Caliphate
was very peaceful. During that time the Muslims attained many victories. However the later
part of his caliphate was marred by terrible civil conflict, which ultimately led to the murder
of the Caliph himself. • Hazrat Usman (R.A) was very gentle and soft hearted person. The
people who wanted to create chaos among the Muslims took advantages of his soft nature.
Hazrat Umar’s strict nature had kept away the none Islamic customs and elements of Persian
and byzantine empires. Usman (R.A) lacked firmness despite his good leadership qualities;
his leniency encouraged the evil elements in Muslim state. He sometimes 3 overlooked the
faults of his governors and other officers in various provinces. His sympathetic nature also
made the provincial governors to ignore his orders.
• Abdullah bin Saba, a Yemenite Jew who outwardly accepted Islam, started a campaign
against Usman and succeeded in creating a rift among the Muslims. He exploited Ali’s name
to instigate the people against Usman. Usman (R.A) did not take timely action against him,
he simply expelled him from Basra, Kufa and Syria one after another which increased the
sphere of his influence; later he went to Egypt where he instigated people against Usman
(R.A), and many were influenced by his propaganda .
• There was also rivalry between the Arabs and the non-Arabs of the newly conquered areas
who still resented their defeat. Beside, Usman (R.A) on becoming the Caliph, allowed the
Arabs to acquire lands in the newly conquered areas, and settle in the new provinces, this
also increased hostility between the Arabs and the inhabitants of the newly conquered areas.
• To make the matter worse there were always rivalry amongst different tribes of the Quraish
especially between the house of the Hashimite and the Umayyad which weakened the power
of the Caliph. This rivalry had existed much before the advent of Islam, but it was suppressed
during in the time of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) and the first two Caliphs. However, this rivalry
again emerged during the time of Usman, the Hashimites could not tolerate the rule of the
Umayyad for long, and Usman could not muster the support of the Quraish because of his
inclinations towards his own relatives.
1. One of the main allegations against Hazrat Usman was that he had appointed his
inefficient relatives as governors. This allegation was incorrect. Hazrat Umar had, already
appointed Hazrat Usman’s nephew Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufiyan, governor of Syria but now he
was granted control over more territory. Other relatives of the caliph i.e Abdullah bin Aamir,
Walid bin Uqba and Abdullah bin Saad were appointed governors of Basra and Kufa in
Southern Iraq and of Egypt, and he also made his relatives his close advisors. His reason for
doing this may well has been to ensure loyalty towards himself and to secure the unity of the
empire. But to many Muslims, this action appeared to be favoring his own family unfairly.