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Islamiyat IGCSEPDF 50
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Allah protected them. When Abu Bakr (RA) became anxious, the Prophet (PBUH) said, “Do not
grieve; indeed, Allah is with us” (Qur’an 9:40). A spider spun its web and pigeons nested at the
cave’s entrance, leading the Quraysh to believe no one was inside.
After the danger passed, the Prophet (PBUH) and Abu Bakr (RA) continued their journey
northwards. Upon reaching the outskirts of Yathrib, they were greeted with great joy by the
Ansar, the Muslims of Madinah. The Prophet (PBUH) first stopped at Quba, where he built
Masjid Quba, the first mosque in Islam. He then entered the city, which was renamed Madinah
al-Munawwarah (“The Enlightened City”). This migration took place in 622 CE, marking the
first year of the Islamic calendar (1 AH).
After the Hijrah, Muslims from Makkah, known as the Muhajirun, had left behind their homes,
families, and wealth. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) recognized the need to establish unity
and mutual support between them and the Muslims of Madinah, called the Ansar (“Helpers”). To
strengthen this bond, the Prophet (PBUH) introduced the system of brotherhood (Mu’akhah),
pairing each Muhajir with an Ansari family. This relationship went beyond friendship — it was a
deep spiritual and social partnership.
The Hijrah was a turning point in Islamic history with deep political, social, and religious
significance.
● Politically, it led to the formation of the first Islamic state with the Prophet (PBUH) as
both spiritual and political leader. From Madinah, Islam began to spread as a complete
system of life and governance.
● Socially, the Hijrah united the previously divided tribes of Aws and Khazraj into one
Ummah, bound by faith instead of lineage. The Prophet (PBUH) established brotherhood
(Mu’akhah) between the Muhajirun(migrants) and the Ansar (helpers), promoting
compassion, equality, and cooperation.
● Religiously, Muslims were now free to practice their faith without fear. Obligations such
as Zakah, fasting, and congregational prayers were introduced, and the mosque became
the center of worship and community life.
Overall, the Hijrah symbolizes sacrifice, patience, and reliance on Allah. It transformed Islam
from a persecuted movement into a unified, thriving society. The event teaches Muslims that
faith and perseverance through hardship lead to success, and for this reason, the Hijrah marks the
beginning of the Islamic era.
c.
a.
Significance of the Hijrah
Brotherhood between the Muhajirun and Ansar (Mu’akhah)
2. Establishment of the Muslim Community (Ummah)