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Islamiyat IGCSEPDF 66
204 pagesrevision 46927
PDF 66
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After the Prophet’s passing in 632 CE, the Muslims faced confusion and grief. Abū Bakr calmed
them with the words of the Qur’ān: “Muhammad is but a messenger; messengers have passed
before him. If he dies or is slain, will you turn back on your heels?” (3:144). He was chosen as
the first Caliph. His leadership was firm: he fought the Ridda Wars to bring back those who
refused zakāh, declaring: “By Allah, I will fight anyone who separates prayer from zakāh.” He
sent armies under Khālid ibn al-Walīd against false prophets like Musaylimah. He also initiated
the collection of the Qur’ān into a written manuscript, entrusting the task to Zayd ibn Thābit.
Death and Legacy
Abū Bakr ruled for just over two years and passed away in 634 CE. He was buried next to the
Prophet ﷺ in Madinah. His Caliphate preserved the unity of the Muslim community at its
most fragile time and established the foundations of the Islamic state.
Lessons for Muslims Today
Muslims learn from Abū Bakr’s loyalty, humility, and sacrifice of wealth and self. His firmness in
protecting Islam shows the importance of standing by principles even in times of weakness. His
trust in Allah during the Hijrah reminds believers of patience and tawakkul.
Sample Questions – Abū Bakr (RA)
10-mark Questions
1.Write about the role of Abū Bakr in the early years of Islam.
2. Describe Abū Bakr’s leadership as the first Caliph.
3.
Explain the importance of Abū Bakr’s role in the Hijrah.
4-mark Questions
1.Why was Abū Bakr called al-Ṣ iddīq?
2.What lessons can Muslims learn from Abū Bakr’s leadership?
Umar ibn al-Khaāb (RA)
ṭṭ
Background and Conversion
ʿUmar ibn al-Khaāb (RA) was born in Makkah around 584 CE, into the respected Banū ʿAdī
clan of Quraysh. Before Islam, he was known for his physical strength, literacy, and skill in
ṭṭ