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Islamiyat IGCSEPDF 201
204 pagesrevision 46927
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Past Paper Questions:
The Prophet said
“A person whose feet become dusty striving in Allah’s cause will not be
touched by the flames of Hell.”
“If your enemy inclines towards peace, then you should seek peace and trust in
Allah. Verily, He is the All-Hearer, the All-Knower.” (Al-Anfāl 8:61)
If opponents withdraw and offer guarantees of peace, Muslims have no licence to
fight them:
“If they withdraw from you and refuse to fight you, and instead send you
guarantees of peace, know that Allah has not given you a licence [to fight them].”
(An-Nisā’ 4:90)
Historical precedent shows the Qur’anic rules were applied with restraint:
Early Muslims in Makkah endured persecution for years and were not permitted to
respond with violence until Allah’s command.
The Prophet forbade premature retaliation and even encouraged migration to seek
safety for the oppressed, for example sending a group to the Christian ruler
al-Najashi of Abyssinia.
If an enemy seeks peace, Muslims are commanded to accept it:
In short, jihad in Islam is a multi-dimensional concept that includes the inner
struggle for righteousness, speaking and teaching the truth, scholarly defence of the
faith, practical charitable and social action, and under strict ethical and legal
conditions — armed defence. Each form aims to establish justice, protect the
oppressed, and promote submission to Allah’s will.
5. Jihad by the sword (Jihad bis-saif / qitāl fī sabīl Allāh)
● Refers to armed struggle and is the form most often misunderstood and
misused as “holy war.”
● The Qur’an uses the term qitāl for restricted combat and sets strict
conditions:
● It is permissible only after all peaceful options are exhausted and when the
existence, safety or freedom of Muslims is threatened.
The Qur’an urges action to defend the oppressed:
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● “And why should you not fight in the cause of Allah and of those who, being
weak, are ill-treated — men, women and children — whose cry is: ‘Our Lord!
Rescue us from this town whose people are oppressors; and raise for us from
You one who will help.’ ”(An-Nisā’ 4:75)
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