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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 10
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Farāizī Movement
Role of Zamindārs
Life and Achievements of Titu Mīr
Reasons for Starting the Farāizī Movement
Founded in Bengal by Ḥājī Shari‘at Ullāh (1781–1840) to restore Islamic
practices.
Removed Hindu customs from Muslim worship.
Emphasized repentance and righteous living.
Declared areas where Islam could not be practiced as Dār ul-Ḥurb.
Continued till 1860 by son Dādū Miān.
Introduced concept of Jihād; movement continued till 1860 by son Dādū
Miān.
Real name: Sayyid Mīr Niṣār; Bengali freedom fighter and disciple of Sayyid
Aḥmad Shahīd.
Advocated rights of Muslim farmers; resisted oppressive British and Hindu
landlords.
Organized rebellion; built bamboo fort at Narkelbariā with 15,000 followers.
Defeated in second attack by British forces with superior army.
Fought against exploitative practices like beard tax and forced indigo
cultivation.
Landlords and tax collectors; often wealthy with private armies. Oppressed
Muslims post-Aurangzeb’s era (1800s onwards). Example: Krishnā Devā Rāi
imposed beard tax on Muslims. Titu Mīr led resistance against zamindars;
advised Muslims not to pay unjust taxes.
Muslims in Bengal had distanced themselves from Islamic teachings due to
non-Muslim influence.
Oppression by British and Hindu landlords affected economic, social, and
educational rights.
Encouraged performance of religious duties (Farāiz).
Declared Bengal as Dār al-Harb where Friday, Eid, and congregational prayers
could not be offered.
Promoted Jihād against non-Islamic oppression.
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➔ Titu Mir