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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 81
181 pagesrevision 46928
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ML demanded Pakistan, March 1940 INC → fully opposed partition of India.
Britain was not ready to withdraw from India.
INC ministers resigned to pressurize the British as it could support the British war
efforts on condition of full independence March 1942 → British sent the Cripps
Mission to try some compromise.
The Mission proposed: An Indian Union with dominion status after the war
non-accession clause → any province(s) could opt out of the Union except for
defence & Viceroy, all Indian ministers a Constituent Assembly to draft a constitution
after the war elections for the Constituent Assembly after the war.
Indian reactions: ML & INC rejected the plan ML → the plan didn’t mention Pakistan
→Jinnah not satisfied with the non-accession clause INC → Gandhi termed it “a
post-dated cheque on a failing bank’ → equated British rule with a “failing Bank”, &
the plan with a ‘post-dated cheque’.
adopted → formal demand for Pakistan, comprising the Muslim majority provinces in
NW & NE India.
Marked start of struggle for Pakistan.
The Hindu press sarcastically called it the “Pakistan Resolution” → ML adopted this.
ML would take another seven years to achieve its goa
Gandhi’s address, May 1942 → no threat of Japanese attack if British left India → so,
British should be pressurized.
Aug 1942 → INC passed the Quit India Resolution → asked the British to leave India
immediately
→ Gandhi, Nehru & others were arrested; INC was banned → large scale violence →
e.g. aerial bombing.
ML didn’t support →considered it INC attempt to drive British out to establish their
own, anti-Muslim rule → Jinnah termed it “political blackmailing”.
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The Quit India Movement
The Cripps Mission, 1942
Jinnah’s Leadership and Reorganization of the Muslim League (1943 –
1945)
Jinnah focused on uniting Muslims across provinces and reorganizing the League.
He emphasized discipline, loyalty, and a clear demand for Pakistan. The League
began setting up branches throughout India, strengthening its mass support. By
1945, the Muslim League had become the most powerful Muslim political
organization, presenting itself as the sole voice of Indian Muslims