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Pak Studies History IGCSEPDF 38
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Q:Who was Tītū Mīr? [4]
• Tītū Mīr’s real name was Sayyid Mīr Niṣār.
• He was Bengali Freedom fighter and was a disciple of Sayyid Aḥmad Shahīd.
• He too was a man of action just like his teacher and mentor Sayyid Aḥmad Shahīd.
• He was horrified by the sufferings of the West Bengal Muslim farmers.
• They were being humiliated in various ways i.e., Beard tax on Muslims.
Q:What was the Farāizī Movement? [4]
• Itwas founded by Ḥājī Shari‘at Ullāh in Bengal (1781-1840) to revive Islam and to
restore Muslims’ pride.
• Hindu practices had crept into Muslims’ worship.
• He emphasized on praying for past sins and promising to live a righteous life ahead
in the future and to perform religious obligations.
• He declared the area as Dār ul-Ḥurb and in such areas Friday and Eid prayers are
not offered.
•The movement continued till 1860 by his son Dadū Miān.
• He organized the Muslim cultivators, made them aware of their rights and united
them against harsh treatment meted out by Hindu Landlords.
• He started Farāizī movement to involve Muslims to attend their religious
obligations.
• Ḥājī Shari‘at Ullāh died in Dhākah in 1840, his reform movement was continued by
his son Moḥsin ud-dīn (Dādū Miān).
o He introduced the idea of Jihād in the movement. The movement confined to
Bengal and ended soon.
oThe movement continued till 1860 by his son Dādū Miān.
Q: Why did Ḥājī Shari‘at Ullāh start his Farāizī movement? [7]
• Ḥājī Shari‘at Ullāh believed that Muslims had distanced themselves from Islamic
teachings due to growing non-Muslim influence in various parts of India, especially
Bengal.
o Thus, he wanted Muslims to observe religious obligations which is called
Farāiz in Arabic.
• Muslims of Bengal had suffered a lot of hardships from both British and rich
landlords (Zamindārs)- beneficiaries of British.
o So, he declared Bengal as Dār al-Hurb. The literal meaning of which is the “house
of war”. It refers to any place where Islam cannot be practiced. It also
refers to a place which is under the rule of non-Muslims where Friday, Eid, and
congregational prayers cannot be offered till it is liberated and becomes Dār al-Islām.
• The idea of Jihād against non-Muslims was supported by Ḥājī Shari‘at Ullāh.
• Bengali Muslims were facing coercive policies from Hindus and British.
o These policies include the oppression in which Muslims were restricted to
ordinary jobs.
oThe access to education and employment was also limited to them.